A goal and an assist from England hotshot Jadon Sancho proved not to be enough as TSG Hoffenheim clawed back from 3 goals down to rescue a point at Signal Iduna Park.
Bundesliga pace-setters Borussia Dortmund played host to Europa league chasers TSG Hoffenheim on a misty day in North Rhine-Westphalia. A game many would have tipped to be a walk in the park for those in Yellow and Black, that prediction looked bang on the money once Dortmund seemingly took the lead after 12 minutes, however a fluke deflection off Jadon Sancho was ruled offside. However, the league leaders weren't to be denied just after the half hour mark, once Sancho played a smart give-and-go with veteran defender Lukasz Piszcek, he raced in behind to smash beyond the helpless Oliver Baumann in the Hoffenheim goal, who was rooted to the spot. They didn't finish there though, as yet again Dortmund proved to everyone that they're top for a reason, this time Sancho playing the providing role. A hard and low effort was saved from the German stopper, however it bounced straight into the path of former World Cup winner, and german international, Mario Gotze, who made no mistake from all of 5 yards. 2-0 and cruising, the hosts looking in fine form. They didn't have it all their own way however, as shortly before their second Hoffenheim's Brazilian sensation Joelinton missed the target with a header. You could say, though, that Dortmund were good value for their two goal lead at the interval and, on another day, really could've lead by more.
Second Half
The second half took a while to get going in truth, however Hoffenheim did attempt to swing the game back in their favour with 2 substitutions. Dennis Geiger and Ishak Belfodil replacing Kerem Demirbay and Andrej Kramaric respectively. Hoffenheim proved to be the brighter spark in the early stages, with both of their fullbacks, Pavel Kaderabek and Nico Schulz being denied by Dortmunds Swiss stopper, Roman Burki. They kept driving forward however, and were desperately searching for a way back into game, with Joelinton leading their attacks and having a few attempts denied. However, Dortmund, as rampant as ever, weren't looking to rest on their laurels and found themselves with various threats of their own. 66 minutes in, and the game effectively put to bed, with smart work from the young England international Sancho to find Gotze, who he previously assisted. From then on in Gotze found Portuguese full back Raphael Guerreiro, who calmly dispatched from 6 yards, in front of a packed out Yellow Wall stand in the WestFalenStadion. The game looked out of reach for the days visitors, and Dortmund were playing games with their visitors and again threatened to score, as Sancho made a mockery of defender Stefan Posch, before striking off the face of the post, desperately close for the young forward. This was as good as it got for The Black and Yellows, complacency kicking in you could say, as they let their foot off the gas. This suddenly brought a great deal of pressure to their defence after vast amounts of space in the middle were being exploited by the visitors. With 15 minutes remaining, Hoffenheim really had nothing to lose and found themselves desperately throwing players forward in order to find a route back into the match. Their goal did eventually come after some smart work down the right hand side saw Kaderabek with a crossing opportunity, his smart ball to the back post was finished off by substitute Belfodil. Burki was unlucky to have not kept his effort out as it slowly crept over the line, however despite the stoppers best efforts, the goal stood. Then, shortly after the visitors goal, Guerreiro once again found himself in a goalscoring opportunity around the 18 yard area, however a powerful effort was unsuccessful, Baumann gratefully clutched the ball into his midriff. A disappointing effort from the Portuguese international, who really could've put the game to bed once and for all. The visitors belief continued to grow, and found themselves with opportunities of their own, with on-loan prodigy Reiss Nelson and Florian Grillitsch both having shots blocked by the Dortmund defenders. Shortly after though, the latter delivered a perfectly timed ball into the box, which was met by the head of Kaderabek, just shortly after teeing up Belfodil for his strike. The game was hanging in the balance, and with just over 7 minutes remaining on the clock, fear was present in the Dortmund camp, foul after foul by their defence, and seemingly penned into their own half. Hoffenheim's hard work and resistance eventually told in the 87th minute, after another perfect ball came into the Dortmund area, this time from Dennis Geiger and with the hosts once again failing to clear their lines, the substitute Belfodil powered in a wonderful header to restore parity in the game. Belfodil capping off a wonderful performance, having only been on the field for 40 minutes, you wonder if the outcome would've been slightly different if he was on the field from the get go. It remained 3-3 in West Germany, with Der BvB not knowing what just hit them. Undoubtedly 2 huge points dropped, you never know how vital those could be come the end of the season. However, they remain 5 points clear at the top and will still be favourites to lift the coveted trophy come May.
Man Of The Match- Jadon Sancho
A terrific showing from the England international, who must be one of the first names on the team sheet. His willingness to take on players and his total fearless attitude is a breath of fresh air. At 18 years of age the world is truly his oyster, and with such confidence and skill to go with his attitude, he could truly develop into one of the worlds best. England manager Gareth Southgate will surely be quivering in anticipation at what Sancho could become, not only for 5 years time, but for the immediate future. He could become a national hero.
Flop of the match- Maximilian Philipp
The 25 year old struggled to make an impact after being Marco Reus's replacement. His struggles meant he was subbed off in the 70th minute, and made way for Paco Alcacer
Moment of the match- Sancho off the post
As well as he played, his effort off the post has to go down as the moment of the match, simply because if he scores the game is put to bed. At 3-0, the game looks beyond Hoffenheim, it looks dead and buried. However, you see this as a moment that could have breathed new life into the visitors, therefore proving a huge factor in the comeback.
Match stats
Possession: 59%-41%
Shots: 16-14
Shots on target: 7-6
Corners: 7-8
Fouls: 7-14
Referee- Marco Fritz (Germany)
Attendance- 81,365
Tuesday, 12 February 2019
Monday, 4 February 2019
Film Proposal + script
Film synopsis:
For my short film, I will create a failed heist. This will include the robbers attempting to find a way into the heist, however investigators will be on the same wave length as them. They will track them and take them down.
Logline:
The film will begin before the scene of a robbery, and will include cuts of the robbers scoping out a bank to try and plan their attack. The start of the film will include investigations as to what happened in the robbery, this will be shot in a dark room with very low lighting. There will be 3 investigators round a computer, who will watch the cctv video of the robbers in the bank, from this they will catch the robber by doing a series of tasks.
Structure
Act 1: For the first 3 minutes of the film, all characters will be introduced to the screen, as in all investigators will be introduced, as well as those who attempt to pull off the robbery.
Act 2: The conflict: The conflict will be the investigators watching the video of the robbery and how it all happens.
Act 3: The investigators will set out as a team to begin the hunt for the robbers and take them down once they've found the culprits.
Characters:
The characters in my film will have some logic behind them. i.e the investigators will outnumber the robbers and the investigators will be bigger than the robbers. My first investigator will be Josh. This is because he a big man, a rugby player and would without a doubt take a robber to the ground, therefore he is a perfect choice. My next investigator will be Luke. This is because Luke is again a tall and dominant character, who could take on a robber. Finally, my last investigator will be Rob. This is because he has quite a dominant figure, and his tall stance will dominate those who are robbers. For my robbers, i need to make them the opposite of the investigators with height. So, my first robber will be Joe. This is because he is rather small in comparison to those who are investigating, therefore it makes sense. And my final robber will be Jack. Again, this is because in comparison to the investigators, he doesn't quite match up to them in terms of size.
Investigators
Richardson (Josh)
Johnson (Luke)
Henderson (Rob)
Robbers
Oliver (Jack)
Reeves (Joe)
Film Treatment
Mr Oliver and Dr. Reeves are setting out to do their biggest mission yet, they're ready to take down a bank. However, the three investigators, Professor Johnson, Richardson and Henderson are on the same wave length as the robbers and have been tracking them for an age. The professors have been gathering information, finding everything there is to find. Once they find the CCTV footage of them scoping out the bank, they begin to track every move they make, and attempt to take them down at the next possible opportunity. After a document leaks online of their schedule to strike the bank, the investigators grab a hold of it, and meet them there.
Target Audience
My target audience is from ages 15-35. This is because after research, this is the age band that likes action and edge of the seat movies. This goes hand in hand with Marvel movies, and it fits in with the demographic. The selling point of the movie is the entertaining aspect as to whether the robbers will be caught and if the investigators can indeed catch them in the act.
For my short film, I will create a failed heist. This will include the robbers attempting to find a way into the heist, however investigators will be on the same wave length as them. They will track them and take them down.
Logline:
The film will begin before the scene of a robbery, and will include cuts of the robbers scoping out a bank to try and plan their attack. The start of the film will include investigations as to what happened in the robbery, this will be shot in a dark room with very low lighting. There will be 3 investigators round a computer, who will watch the cctv video of the robbers in the bank, from this they will catch the robber by doing a series of tasks.
Structure
Act 1: For the first 3 minutes of the film, all characters will be introduced to the screen, as in all investigators will be introduced, as well as those who attempt to pull off the robbery.
Act 2: The conflict: The conflict will be the investigators watching the video of the robbery and how it all happens.
Act 3: The investigators will set out as a team to begin the hunt for the robbers and take them down once they've found the culprits.
Characters:
The characters in my film will have some logic behind them. i.e the investigators will outnumber the robbers and the investigators will be bigger than the robbers. My first investigator will be Josh. This is because he a big man, a rugby player and would without a doubt take a robber to the ground, therefore he is a perfect choice. My next investigator will be Luke. This is because Luke is again a tall and dominant character, who could take on a robber. Finally, my last investigator will be Rob. This is because he has quite a dominant figure, and his tall stance will dominate those who are robbers. For my robbers, i need to make them the opposite of the investigators with height. So, my first robber will be Joe. This is because he is rather small in comparison to those who are investigating, therefore it makes sense. And my final robber will be Jack. Again, this is because in comparison to the investigators, he doesn't quite match up to them in terms of size.
Investigators
Richardson (Josh)
Johnson (Luke)
Henderson (Rob)
Robbers
Oliver (Jack)
Reeves (Joe)
Film Treatment
Mr Oliver and Dr. Reeves are setting out to do their biggest mission yet, they're ready to take down a bank. However, the three investigators, Professor Johnson, Richardson and Henderson are on the same wave length as the robbers and have been tracking them for an age. The professors have been gathering information, finding everything there is to find. Once they find the CCTV footage of them scoping out the bank, they begin to track every move they make, and attempt to take them down at the next possible opportunity. After a document leaks online of their schedule to strike the bank, the investigators grab a hold of it, and meet them there.
Target Audience
My target audience is from ages 15-35. This is because after research, this is the age band that likes action and edge of the seat movies. This goes hand in hand with Marvel movies, and it fits in with the demographic. The selling point of the movie is the entertaining aspect as to whether the robbers will be caught and if the investigators can indeed catch them in the act.
Thursday, 20 December 2018
Storyboard assignment
In many different aspects, storyboards are vital for the pre-production of a film. The storyboard dictates the way the film will go. The storyboard is the initial vision of the producer and its what he would like his production to be like. Storyboards vary from different forms of media, from tv advertisements to films. The film storyboard is the storyboard that goes into the greatest depth, which is needed to be able to explain every fine detail needed.
Purpose of storyboards
The purpose of a storyboard is that it will help a producer visualise their ideas before the product is made. Storyboards also allow the producer to experiment and play around with ideas, this can be anything from camera angles to sound output that will be in the film. With these, the crew involved in production will be able to visualise their ideas to see if they work and fit in with the producers ideas, this is both post production and camera crew.
Technical details
The technical details of a film is the shot types. These shot types are:
The above storyboard is an example of a film storyboard which goes into all the details needed. First of all, like all storyboards, they need to follow a flow of scenes as they know what order to go in when in production. Therefore the scene of the character playing the piano solo will follow on from the scene where the character is walking past the follow sign. The next thing to analyse from this particular film storyboard is the shot type underneath the photo. This is to familiarise the camera crew of what specific shot to use at each given time, for example in the first shot they will be using a pan and follow shot. The purpose is to inform the camera crew the exact shot they will need at each time so that the shot will pan out smoothly. The next feature in this storyboard is the action. The purpose of this is to inform those on set what action needs to be carried out and that given moment. Without this feature, those on set may get confused as to what action was meant to be carried out if they didn't know beforehand, therefore this is an important feature. The next feature is the timing. Again, this feature is important as the camera crew will know how long the scene lasts for, so they know when to stop filming and cut the scene. If a cameraman didn't know before how long the scene lasted, then they may not know how long the scene lasts, therefore this will make the camera crew extra sure before filming. The final detail is the edit/ sound section. This section is vital to those who do the post production work, such as the editing. If the post production editor was unsure what sound was to be added, then the storyboard would tell them what to add. So in the case of the first scene, the post production editor would have to add a humming sound, and in the second scene it would be a piano sound. The overall effect of this is to inform the post production and the camera crew what is needed and when so that the film is produced to its maximum potential. This differs from any other storyboard i.e a radio or video game as this has everything needed for its type. For example, it has all the camera techniques needed for the shot to be as accurate as possible, and it has everything needed from post production to make the scene pan out perfectly.
The next storyboard is the radio storyboard. This storyboard will differ from any other storyboard as it doesn't show off any image, simply because it is not on screen and in front of a camera. The first thing to take from this storyboard is the first section, the timings section, which is labelled 'temps'. This section is vital in the storyboard as it will signal what will need to be said at each given time. So for example, the first 2 pieces of speech in this radio broadcast will come in the 6th and 10th second. This is vital for the person who'll be using this storyboard as a brief, to know what has to be said and when. The middle column will be the ideas and script section. This section goes hand in hand with the first two sections simply because it tells the person who'll be speaking, at what given time and what they will be saying or what the topic is based on. This is vital because it gives the reader all the information they need to know at each given time. The next section is the music section. This particular section is vital to those who work on pre production of the broadcast to make sure its perfect. This could be a jingle or any music type, however, those working on this will need to know what sounds to add and when to make sure it sound perfect. Also with this it needs to be edited perfectly, so that it doesn't go overboard and overlap the broadcast. The final section is the participants section, of those who will be participating in the broadcast. This section is vital because everyone on set will know the role they're playing and when they're playing it. So for example, the full storyboard sketch would have the names by the side of the time and speech so they know exactly what they're saying at what time and who they'll be following on from. This storyboard is effective because it has everything it needs in writing. With a radio storyboard, it wouldn't need images and sketches as its not done in front of a camera, therefore it isn't necessary. With this storyboard it's straight to the point, everyone on set will know their roles and when to participate and know what to say and when. Those who work behind the scenes on pre production know what sounds to add and they will know when to add them. This makes this storyboard massively effective and the effect of this is that everyone knows their role.
The next storyboard is the video game storyboard. This storyboard may look like a visual storyboard, i.e. a film storyboard or something similar. This storyboard differs from a movie, first of all as it doesn't involve camera angles which would be involved in a film storyboard that was seen above. It also doesn't feature the timing of an event, like the film storyboard does. However, this storyboard does include every action that is needed. For example, this scene includes a man standing on the hill, with a helicopter approaching him. The event analysis is vital for the production of the game as the production team will implement this into the game as well as the graphics and everything else needed to be included. So for example, this whole scene will go into great detail about what happens and when, and how the story pans out. So for another game, for example Super Mario Bros. the storyboard will include actions for example Mario stepping on a mushroom and what the output will be. For example the above storyboards game will output a helicopter approaching and passing by the character in the above video game, as well as a view from inside the helicopters cockpit. The other vital part of this storyboard is the audio section. This section is vital as it tells those on post production what sounds they need to apply to the video game with edits and foley sounds and what they need to order an actor to say. So for example, in the final clip, the helicopter pilot would have to shout 'requesting permission to engage MECH Unit7', we know this because the storyboard clearly details the speech that needs to be said at each given time. As for the foley sounds, in the 4th clip, a helicopter passes above, meaning this designer would make a sound dedicated to this particular action, as in the 3rd clip, you would hear the weapons screeching. This storyboard is effective as it goes into great detail what is needed for each particular scene and camera cut. For example with every action there is a sound that is required with it, whether it be foley or an actor, it gives the post producer every detail that they will need, without giving details they don't need. They don't add camera angles and shooting times as games are drafted through sketch, meaning the angles are already given in the pictures, whereas in a film storyboard, many scenes will go on for a certain amount of time and will need to give a certain camera angle that will be used to the camera crew as well as the length of the shot, whereas in a video game, each scene is done by sketch before hand.
The next storyboard is the music video storyboard, this particular storyboard differs from any other storyboard as it has a lack of words. This is because the general storyboard for a music video tends to be the ideas generated and not the final product like a movie and video games. With a music video, the producers will have plenty of visions in their head and will only be able to execute one, whereas in a movie and video game, their rough ideas will already have been done and the storyboard is the finished product. Also, this differentiates from any other storyboard as it doesn't have any sound output, as the opposed to the others from a video game and a movie storyboard. This is because the sound output in a music video, is the actual music itself, whereas in said storyboards, they would have to create foley sounds and use actors for their voices to create the effects and speech. In a music video this is irrelevant as the sound is already there. The effectiveness of this storyboard is that it gives the producer the perfect idea, the sketches go into great detail about each scene of the video, and if they were to use this, they would know exactly what shots to use. It doesn't use irrelevant details like sound output as music videos don't need any sound other than the music playing.
Purpose of storyboards
The purpose of a storyboard is that it will help a producer visualise their ideas before the product is made. Storyboards also allow the producer to experiment and play around with ideas, this can be anything from camera angles to sound output that will be in the film. With these, the crew involved in production will be able to visualise their ideas to see if they work and fit in with the producers ideas, this is both post production and camera crew.
Technical details
The technical details of a film is the shot types. These shot types are:
- Master shot
- Long shot
- Medium shot
- Close up
- Extreme close up
The role of a producer is to evaluate what shot would be best at each given time, see below in the first storyboard, the illustrator varies from a long shot, to an extreme close up as it would suit the particular scene. After they have illustrated the shot, the producer will then take camera movement into account, to see what shot is needed in the given time frame.
Storyboard purpose
The purpose of storyboards is to save time and money on shooting and finding the right requirements for the movie. Once the storyboard is complete, the film will have coverage in the right places, transitional moments and the aesthetic will be slicker. The camera shot sketches make for a more consistent shoot if its executed the way the storyboard says.
The above storyboard is an example of a film storyboard which goes into all the details needed. First of all, like all storyboards, they need to follow a flow of scenes as they know what order to go in when in production. Therefore the scene of the character playing the piano solo will follow on from the scene where the character is walking past the follow sign. The next thing to analyse from this particular film storyboard is the shot type underneath the photo. This is to familiarise the camera crew of what specific shot to use at each given time, for example in the first shot they will be using a pan and follow shot. The purpose is to inform the camera crew the exact shot they will need at each time so that the shot will pan out smoothly. The next feature in this storyboard is the action. The purpose of this is to inform those on set what action needs to be carried out and that given moment. Without this feature, those on set may get confused as to what action was meant to be carried out if they didn't know beforehand, therefore this is an important feature. The next feature is the timing. Again, this feature is important as the camera crew will know how long the scene lasts for, so they know when to stop filming and cut the scene. If a cameraman didn't know before how long the scene lasted, then they may not know how long the scene lasts, therefore this will make the camera crew extra sure before filming. The final detail is the edit/ sound section. This section is vital to those who do the post production work, such as the editing. If the post production editor was unsure what sound was to be added, then the storyboard would tell them what to add. So in the case of the first scene, the post production editor would have to add a humming sound, and in the second scene it would be a piano sound. The overall effect of this is to inform the post production and the camera crew what is needed and when so that the film is produced to its maximum potential. This differs from any other storyboard i.e a radio or video game as this has everything needed for its type. For example, it has all the camera techniques needed for the shot to be as accurate as possible, and it has everything needed from post production to make the scene pan out perfectly.
The next storyboard is the radio storyboard. This storyboard will differ from any other storyboard as it doesn't show off any image, simply because it is not on screen and in front of a camera. The first thing to take from this storyboard is the first section, the timings section, which is labelled 'temps'. This section is vital in the storyboard as it will signal what will need to be said at each given time. So for example, the first 2 pieces of speech in this radio broadcast will come in the 6th and 10th second. This is vital for the person who'll be using this storyboard as a brief, to know what has to be said and when. The middle column will be the ideas and script section. This section goes hand in hand with the first two sections simply because it tells the person who'll be speaking, at what given time and what they will be saying or what the topic is based on. This is vital because it gives the reader all the information they need to know at each given time. The next section is the music section. This particular section is vital to those who work on pre production of the broadcast to make sure its perfect. This could be a jingle or any music type, however, those working on this will need to know what sounds to add and when to make sure it sound perfect. Also with this it needs to be edited perfectly, so that it doesn't go overboard and overlap the broadcast. The final section is the participants section, of those who will be participating in the broadcast. This section is vital because everyone on set will know the role they're playing and when they're playing it. So for example, the full storyboard sketch would have the names by the side of the time and speech so they know exactly what they're saying at what time and who they'll be following on from. This storyboard is effective because it has everything it needs in writing. With a radio storyboard, it wouldn't need images and sketches as its not done in front of a camera, therefore it isn't necessary. With this storyboard it's straight to the point, everyone on set will know their roles and when to participate and know what to say and when. Those who work behind the scenes on pre production know what sounds to add and they will know when to add them. This makes this storyboard massively effective and the effect of this is that everyone knows their role.
The next storyboard is the video game storyboard. This storyboard may look like a visual storyboard, i.e. a film storyboard or something similar. This storyboard differs from a movie, first of all as it doesn't involve camera angles which would be involved in a film storyboard that was seen above. It also doesn't feature the timing of an event, like the film storyboard does. However, this storyboard does include every action that is needed. For example, this scene includes a man standing on the hill, with a helicopter approaching him. The event analysis is vital for the production of the game as the production team will implement this into the game as well as the graphics and everything else needed to be included. So for example, this whole scene will go into great detail about what happens and when, and how the story pans out. So for another game, for example Super Mario Bros. the storyboard will include actions for example Mario stepping on a mushroom and what the output will be. For example the above storyboards game will output a helicopter approaching and passing by the character in the above video game, as well as a view from inside the helicopters cockpit. The other vital part of this storyboard is the audio section. This section is vital as it tells those on post production what sounds they need to apply to the video game with edits and foley sounds and what they need to order an actor to say. So for example, in the final clip, the helicopter pilot would have to shout 'requesting permission to engage MECH Unit7', we know this because the storyboard clearly details the speech that needs to be said at each given time. As for the foley sounds, in the 4th clip, a helicopter passes above, meaning this designer would make a sound dedicated to this particular action, as in the 3rd clip, you would hear the weapons screeching. This storyboard is effective as it goes into great detail what is needed for each particular scene and camera cut. For example with every action there is a sound that is required with it, whether it be foley or an actor, it gives the post producer every detail that they will need, without giving details they don't need. They don't add camera angles and shooting times as games are drafted through sketch, meaning the angles are already given in the pictures, whereas in a film storyboard, many scenes will go on for a certain amount of time and will need to give a certain camera angle that will be used to the camera crew as well as the length of the shot, whereas in a video game, each scene is done by sketch before hand.
The next storyboard is the music video storyboard, this particular storyboard differs from any other storyboard as it has a lack of words. This is because the general storyboard for a music video tends to be the ideas generated and not the final product like a movie and video games. With a music video, the producers will have plenty of visions in their head and will only be able to execute one, whereas in a movie and video game, their rough ideas will already have been done and the storyboard is the finished product. Also, this differentiates from any other storyboard as it doesn't have any sound output, as the opposed to the others from a video game and a movie storyboard. This is because the sound output in a music video, is the actual music itself, whereas in said storyboards, they would have to create foley sounds and use actors for their voices to create the effects and speech. In a music video this is irrelevant as the sound is already there. The effectiveness of this storyboard is that it gives the producer the perfect idea, the sketches go into great detail about each scene of the video, and if they were to use this, they would know exactly what shots to use. It doesn't use irrelevant details like sound output as music videos don't need any sound other than the music playing.
Wednesday, 5 December 2018
Unit 2 learning aim a+b
Legal and Ethical considerations:
When involved in the world of media, there are many legal and ethical considerations that need to be considered. These ethics need to be considered and taken on board to ensure that the commissioning process goes as smoothly as possible. If these are not fully considered and carried out professionally then there could be some serious ramifications for the screenwriter, and those who are commissioning the film. One massive drawback of this could be a hefty fine, sometimes being within the millions and in some cases, the billions.
Copyright
The first of which is copyright infringement. The effects of breaching the copyright laws are massive, and can even go as far as paying a hefty damaging fee. The fee could set the contract breacher back a six figure fee if the damages are that bad. To prevent any charges and claims of copyright being pursued, the scriptwriter must follow a guideline which doesn't cross paths with another copyrighted idea, for example, if you were to create an action adventure film, you couldn't steal ideas or base ideas from James Bond, as those who take care of the legal side i.e. the solicitors, will press the charges in order to gain a fee. A film that had been done for copyright was the film 'The cabin in the woods' after the producers believed the film had stolen ideas from the film 'The little white trip:A night in the pines'. The producers wanted a fee of around £10million for the damages made, this case is still ongoing.
Plagiarism
The next legal and ethical consideration is Plagiarism. Plagiarism is a similar consideration to that of copyright. The act of plagiarism is to copy from another persons ideas and take credit for it yourself. Breaching Plagiarism can have have many negative effects for the plagiarists, being forced to pay out millions if proven guilty. One film that had been accused of plagiarism was the hit 'Avatar'. The producers and all involved were taken to court over a suspected count of plagiarism against a novel by the Russian, Ruslan Zakriyev. He believed that the film had taken ideas from his novel that he had not approved of. Therefore, he demanded a third of the total revenue made from the film, totaling 1billion dollars. The film was an act of plagiarism, simply because the producers of the film took parts from the novel, and used it as their own and giving themselves the total amount of credit, against the authors wishes. To prevent any claims or charges of plagiarism, the producers will have to think of a way to alter the ideas that they are accused of stealing.
Libel
The third legal and ethical considerations of media is Libel. The act of libel during scriptwriting is to portray a person in a negative way and ruin their reputation in a way. This would be going against the wishes, ultimately, of the person who they're portraying, as the producers are demonstrating a person in a way that they are not. For example, libel could be seen if for some reason, they were to portray Donald Trump as a terrorist, or something similar. This is libel as it shows and portrays a person in a way that they're not. The consequences for libel can be very serious, the offender can't be put in jail for the offence, however they can be taken to court and ordered to pay a massive fine, which in most cases can be ordered by the person on the receiving end of the portrayal. A film which portrayed the act of being libel is the film 'The Interview'. Libel is shown in this film as the producers portray the North Korean supreme leader, Kim Jong Un, to be weak and easy to overpower. This is libel as the leader sees himself as the most feared man on the planet, not as a weak man.
Learning aim A
When involved in the world of media, there are many legal and ethical considerations that need to be considered. These ethics need to be considered and taken on board to ensure that the commissioning process goes as smoothly as possible. If these are not fully considered and carried out professionally then there could be some serious ramifications for the screenwriter, and those who are commissioning the film. One massive drawback of this could be a hefty fine, sometimes being within the millions and in some cases, the billions.
Copyright
The first of which is copyright infringement. The effects of breaching the copyright laws are massive, and can even go as far as paying a hefty damaging fee. The fee could set the contract breacher back a six figure fee if the damages are that bad. To prevent any charges and claims of copyright being pursued, the scriptwriter must follow a guideline which doesn't cross paths with another copyrighted idea, for example, if you were to create an action adventure film, you couldn't steal ideas or base ideas from James Bond, as those who take care of the legal side i.e. the solicitors, will press the charges in order to gain a fee. A film that had been done for copyright was the film 'The cabin in the woods' after the producers believed the film had stolen ideas from the film 'The little white trip:A night in the pines'. The producers wanted a fee of around £10million for the damages made, this case is still ongoing.
Plagiarism
The next legal and ethical consideration is Plagiarism. Plagiarism is a similar consideration to that of copyright. The act of plagiarism is to copy from another persons ideas and take credit for it yourself. Breaching Plagiarism can have have many negative effects for the plagiarists, being forced to pay out millions if proven guilty. One film that had been accused of plagiarism was the hit 'Avatar'. The producers and all involved were taken to court over a suspected count of plagiarism against a novel by the Russian, Ruslan Zakriyev. He believed that the film had taken ideas from his novel that he had not approved of. Therefore, he demanded a third of the total revenue made from the film, totaling 1billion dollars. The film was an act of plagiarism, simply because the producers of the film took parts from the novel, and used it as their own and giving themselves the total amount of credit, against the authors wishes. To prevent any claims or charges of plagiarism, the producers will have to think of a way to alter the ideas that they are accused of stealing.
Libel
The third legal and ethical considerations of media is Libel. The act of libel during scriptwriting is to portray a person in a negative way and ruin their reputation in a way. This would be going against the wishes, ultimately, of the person who they're portraying, as the producers are demonstrating a person in a way that they are not. For example, libel could be seen if for some reason, they were to portray Donald Trump as a terrorist, or something similar. This is libel as it shows and portrays a person in a way that they're not. The consequences for libel can be very serious, the offender can't be put in jail for the offence, however they can be taken to court and ordered to pay a massive fine, which in most cases can be ordered by the person on the receiving end of the portrayal. A film which portrayed the act of being libel is the film 'The Interview'. Libel is shown in this film as the producers portray the North Korean supreme leader, Kim Jong Un, to be weak and easy to overpower. This is libel as the leader sees himself as the most feared man on the planet, not as a weak man.
Bias
The next legal and ethical consideration of media is bias. Bias itself is an ethical consideration which involved with the representations of various groups, events and organisations. The idea of bias in screenwriting can be seen as trying to force a view or an opinion on the viewer, when they would rather have their own opinion.
Censorship
The next legal and ethical consideration of media is censorship. With censorship, this is the law that the screenwriters must fully understand what they are about to have commissioned. This includes the target audience, and what time they intend for it to be broadcasted. The things the writers have to take on board are:
- Use of violence
- Use of language (profanity etc)
- Sexual scenes
- Discrimination
- Use of drugs
U.K Watershed
The consideration of censorship goes hand in hand with another consideration, this being the UK watershed. The watershed is between 9pm-5am. The watershed means that certain tv shows and movies can't be shown, these include the bullet pointed list above, as it may not be suitable for the viewers before and after 9pm and 5am. This is because there may be children watching, and the bullet pointed list will not be suitable for children. However, box office broadcasts may be shown before the uk watershed, even though they may contain usage of violence, for example violence. TV shows and movies which have a rating of 12 may be shown before the watershed. 12 rated tv shows may include The Simpsons and Futurama. Although 12 rated tv shows and films may include some of the things prohibited by the U.K watershed, they're seen as child friendly, therefore may be shown. Dead pool 2, for example, a 15 rated film, can not be shown before or after the U.K watershed, as it is not child friendly.
Career opportunities and the structure of the media sector
With the media sector, there are a wide range of platforms for people to involved in. These vary from Television, film to radio and marketing. First of all, television. This sector is one of the biggest within the media industries. Television employs over 50,000 people in Britain alone and there are many broadcasters, however the main ones are BBC, which is funded by the viewers and TV licences, which is the reason for a lack of adverts. There is ITV, which is a private company and not funded by the public, and another main one is channel 4, which is funded by advertisements. The next platform in the sector is Radio. Now radio is the oldest form of media, this dates back to as early as the 1920's. However, as time has went by, radio has become a dying art of the media sector, as technology has made it digital, meaning the radio can even be seen on TV. Also there is a lack of demand for radio in a sense, as people can listen to music digitally, and news can be found all over the internet, which the vast majority of the population have access to. The 3 types of radio are:
- publicly funded radio (funded by the taxpayer)
- commercial radio (funded by advertisements)
- commercial and voluntary radio (funded by the national lottery)
The next platform in the media sector is film. Film currently employs 27,800 people nationwide, making it one of the largest and profitable sectors in the industry. With this industry, there are 6 different components to it, these being; Development, Production, Facilities, Distribution, Exhibition and Export. With film, there are a few huge blockbuster companies that create the film for the public, these are the likes of Universal, Disney and Paramount. However, there are plenty of thriving companies that are smaller and not as well known as said companies, one for example being Pinewood studios. The smaller companies don't tend to make substantial, blockbuster films, however they tend to create popular and successful films. Pinewood created the likes of Star Wars: The Force Awakens and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. The next industry in the sector is Animation, this is a role that works for the outcome of movies, to make them look as great as they do. TV, Film and adverts use animation to create shows and even special effects that are vital in their production. The video game business is also known for using animation, to create an immersive game experience. 2 popular animation companies are:
- Dreamworks (owned by Paramount)
- Pixar ( owned by Disney)
- Pixar has worked with films such as Toy Story and Cars, whereas Dreamworks have produced movies such as Madagascar and Kung Fu Panda. The next platform is Interactive media, a platform that employs over 34,000 people. Interactive media is vital for day to day life, everybody with internet access uses it, this includes apps such as Twitter, Facebook, Google and YouTube. With people using phones and computers, these interactive apps can rack up users in the millions and sometimes even billions. The next platform in the media sector is computer games. This platform is gaining more importance and prominence as years go by, as more people get into gaming. Over time, gaming has allowed the 'casual' player to get involved, as in recent times gaming was seen for people who would play for competition, commonly known as Esports in recent years. Gaming has created plenty of jobs, including those who create the game, to those who play the games competitively. The biggest game producers are:
- Activision (big for games such as Call Of Duty)
- Electronic Arts( big for games such as Fifa, Battlefield etc.)
- Nintendo (big for games such as Super Mario Bros.)
- Co & Bear productions
- Hesperus House
- Plexus Productions
And another platform for media is press. This is the sector that produces news to the general public, both broadcasted by TV and written press that includes newspapers. The broadcast press includes companies such as:
- BBC News
- Sky News
- ITV News
And the written press:
- The Daily Mail
- The Daily Telegraph
- The Guardian
Career Opportunities- Journalism
With Journalism, there is a host of opportunities to be had. These include broadcast journalists, editorial assistants and magazine journalist. The journalism sector offers a lot of jobs and has opened up job opportunities for thousands of people. Sports Journalism is an opportunity I personally take an interest in, with so many companies and businesses offering job opportunities on all fronts, covering plenty of sports. The companies for example that cover sports journalism, firstly are giants Sky Sports. Sky are a mega business that offer the best journalists jobs covering sports, from writing reports to camera action. Many newspapers have their own experts covering sport, however these are local newspapers. These are both national and local newspapers. So for example, a local newspaper, like the Sunderland Echo would have their own expert following Sunderland AFC up and down the country and reporting on it, I only mentioned football as Sunderland is a one sport city. Whereas a city like Leicester would have multiple experts as it is a 3 sport city, covering Cricket, Rugby and Football, therefore it would have an expert covering their own sport. However, this differs from a national newspaper, as they would do a one page write up on the round-up of all sports and games, whereas a local newspaper would have several pages dedicated to the sports. Those are just 2 of the job and career opportunities in sports journalism, newspaper and television. There is also plenty of magazines dedicated to sports, after doing research I found FourFourTwo and Shoot to be popular football magazines. I found various cricket magazines, these being 'The cricketer' and 'The Cricket Annual'. Again, this offers hundreds upon thousands of job opportunities, as people would report on the sport, people will edit the magazines, and thats just 2 of a variety of jobs on offer. There is also a massive social media scene for various sports teams, as. each team would have a personalised account which would cover matchdays and all stuff behind the scenes. These accounts will vary from Twitter to Facebook and Instagram, some even will have YouTube. However this all links to the world of journalism and the media as they're all reporting on one thing and giving the world an insight as to what is happening. Obviously, the social media might not be as great and expansive as the likes of magazines and newspapers in terms of job offering, however the demand is still large, due to the amount of people who are interactive on social media. With journalism, there are plenty of legal and ethical issues to abide by, to make sure nothing is enforced on the journalist. The first of which is defamation and libel, this issue is to prevent a persons reputation being shattered. A code of conduct journalists much follow is the 'NUJ Code of conduct', which implies the following:
- Ensuring information is accurate and fair
- Differentiating between fact and opinion
- Avoiding intrusion into a persons private life and matters
- Protecting the identity of those who supply the information
- Producing no material that may lead to harming a persons reputation, which may lead to hatred and discrimination
- Obtaining material by honest, straight forward and open means
Said conduct means that if a person breaches any of the above, they may get pulled over for copyright, plagiarism and libel and given a hefty fine and may even face a jail sentence for their troubles.
Learning aim A
Professional behaviour in the media industries:
- Reliability- Reliability is essential as employers will need to know if their employees can hack their responsibility. It will also make the employee trustworthy and the employer will know they're good value for their job.
- Time management, attendance and punctuality- Arriving on time for work is always a work is a key point when trying to impress your employer. A person who arrives on time and is punctual is more likely to receive appreciation as opposed to a person who is late or takes a few days off most weeks.
- Commitment and efficiency- Being committed to a job is important for not only your work, but your wellbeing. This is because being in a positive state about your work will not give you second thoughts about your job, and will also leave you in a positive mental state
- Self presentation and communication skills- Its essential to make sure your work is presented. If a journalist was to send their work in to their employer that was not in a printable, readable format they would receive negative feedback from their employer.
- Team project contribution- The vast majority of media sectors require a lot of time on team projects. Making sure you are active in these situations is not only good for your work life, but your personal life as it bolsters your ability to work in and around a team. Also, this allows you to develop many skills that may not relate to your job.
- Personal responsibility- Most work in the media is freelance, therefore the onus is on yourself to drive yourself to goals and targets to achieve. In the media, a lot of work is personal, and if work is not completed during a set deadline, you may not receive payment, meaning the person will have to take it upon themselves to get work done, otherwise they may face serious problems.
Contracts of employment
In media, there are plenty of contracts that employees and employers must take into consideration. These are to determine how many hours you work, which may or may not be guaranteed.
The first of which is freelance. Working freelance, you can determine your own fate in terms of work and how often you work. This is because a freelancer is a person who works for themselves maybe as their own private business. They will receive payment by completing tasks and assignments. This contract however means that they may not receive the same rights as workers who are full time, although they negotiate their own schedule and terms.
The next is a full time contract. This is the most popular contract of them all in media and are usually handed out for a permanent position. So in terms of media, a person may be given a full time role of a magazine editor and will solely stick to that role. There are more benefits of a full time contract as opposed to any other contract as they're entitled to pension benefits, parental leave and statutory sick pay. The hours of work increase and are a lot more than any other contract, totalling over 35 hours per week.
The next contract is the part time contract, those who have this contract work less than those with a full time contract. The number of hours they're scheduled to work per week are clearly visible in the contract and can work overtime if and when desired. The benefits of working part time can include flexible schedules, so they can fit in desired commitments when needed.
The next is the zero hours contract. This contract is handed to an employee to work when the employer only requires them to work, the employer is under no legal obligation to set a guaranteed number of hours and the employee does not have to accept the work hours given to them. They are also required the same amount of annual and holiday leave as full time workers and are guaranteed at least the minimum pay rate. Those on zero hours can also seek employment from other areas whilst working at one company.
Legal and ethical issues for sports journalism
The first thing to consider for sourcing a story is double checking the source. The reason for this is a media story could be incorrect and not properly sourced, and could therefore reveal incorrect information about a person causing distress. The outcome of this could be fatal, including being taken to court. Another ethical consideration is right of reply. This generally means that a person has the right to defend themselves against public criticism. This generally means that a person has the right to dispute any wrongly accused criticism on their behalf. So for example, if a person wrongly accused you of doing something, you can defend yourself by disputing it and informing the person they were wrong in their claim. Respecting peoples privacy is another legal and ethical issue. This is vital because it is protecting those who have witnessed shock, grief or illness. This means the journalist won't report or speculate as to what has happened. For example a sports journalist wont report on a sportspersons death or speculate on it, as it would be unfair on the family who are hoping for peace during their hard time, this would be respecting their privacy. The next thing to consider is protecting the vulnerable. This means that in either a report or even in television coverage, the language used is considered.
Public interest:
Protecting public from being misled: This act is for when you source a news story, every detail needs to be legitimate and proper, so that the public is not faked into a news story and told anything incorrect.
Using secret recording only when absolutely necessary: Journalistic codes recommend that secret recording is only used when absolutely necessary. This includes the interest of the public and if there is no other way to source a story. An example of this could be recording undercover to show abuse or bullying that the public wasn't aware of. In spite of this, those who are being exposed to the wrongdoing will generally have to be blurred out to avoid any confusion and a legal charge. If you were to go without consent and post a persons face without their consent, this would be invasion of privacy.
Legal and ethical issues for sports journalism
The first thing to consider for sourcing a story is double checking the source. The reason for this is a media story could be incorrect and not properly sourced, and could therefore reveal incorrect information about a person causing distress. The outcome of this could be fatal, including being taken to court. Another ethical consideration is right of reply. This generally means that a person has the right to defend themselves against public criticism. This generally means that a person has the right to dispute any wrongly accused criticism on their behalf. So for example, if a person wrongly accused you of doing something, you can defend yourself by disputing it and informing the person they were wrong in their claim. Respecting peoples privacy is another legal and ethical issue. This is vital because it is protecting those who have witnessed shock, grief or illness. This means the journalist won't report or speculate as to what has happened. For example a sports journalist wont report on a sportspersons death or speculate on it, as it would be unfair on the family who are hoping for peace during their hard time, this would be respecting their privacy. The next thing to consider is protecting the vulnerable. This means that in either a report or even in television coverage, the language used is considered.
Public interest:
Protecting public from being misled: This act is for when you source a news story, every detail needs to be legitimate and proper, so that the public is not faked into a news story and told anything incorrect.
Using secret recording only when absolutely necessary: Journalistic codes recommend that secret recording is only used when absolutely necessary. This includes the interest of the public and if there is no other way to source a story. An example of this could be recording undercover to show abuse or bullying that the public wasn't aware of. In spite of this, those who are being exposed to the wrongdoing will generally have to be blurred out to avoid any confusion and a legal charge. If you were to go without consent and post a persons face without their consent, this would be invasion of privacy.
Thursday, 15 November 2018
Screenwriting assignment
Master Scene Script- Man Up
A master scene script must follow various conventions for the script to be even considered by the commissioning editor. The first of which is the font size which is used, this should be size 12. This is because it'll fit 1 minute worth of script perfectly onto the page, which is a requirement. Also the slug lines and dialogue must be capitalized. The master scene script is used and designed for the producers and investors, so they could easily the script without confusion. The slug line is composed of three parts, these being interior or exterior, the location of where the scene is and the time of the scene. You can tell the time of day when the slug line reveals either 'Day' or 'Night. Other occurrences may say 'Dusk' or 'Dawn' instead. The scene heading begins with EXT or INT which is abbreviation for exterior and interior. For example, interior could be set within a certain room anywhere, for example a bedroom, and exterior could be a set of land that is outside. With a master scene script, they must follow a narrative description, this is a description of what is happening on screen, which follows directly after the scene heading. For the sound effects, if they're key to the story, yet are not seen on screen, they must be displayed in all caps, as well as the character name when the character is introduced. The character name must go in its own line in all caps, and if the character is off screen and are speaking, you designate it with O.S or V.O.
Here, in the comedy 'Man up', a character by the name of 'Ryan', can be seen talking off-screen. This is shown by the abbreviation of O.S.
Again with this screenshot, it shows the setting in the film was outdoors, hence the ext, meaning outside.
And with this screenshot, you know the action is taking place indoors, hence the 'INT'.
With those two slug lines, you can tell the time of day by the ending of 'NIGHT'.
With a master scene script, the dialogue you see on one page should total one minute in time, so that commissioners and producers get a general idea of how long this production will be. So, for example, the script of the comedy film 'Man Up' is 108 pages long, meaning this film will generally last 108 minutes.
With the above screenshots, the font and font size will have been adjusted so that the dialogue fit onto a page so that it converts to 1minute of script, this is just one requirement that the commissioner looks for in a pitch.
This method of script is effective as it gives commissioners and producers a chance to know how long their product will last before entering production.
Shooting script
Shooting scripts are used during production of the film, this script shows off plenty of more detail, including scene numbers and even camera angles that will be used in the shot. It may also include the audio that may be used during this period of the script. The reason these scripts aren't submitted to commissioners and producers is because these scripts are difficult to read and are complicated when compared to the master scene script. This script is used when heading into production. The reason this script is used on set and in production as opposed to any other script is because it helps out the camera crew, as it helps them with the camera composition and the movement needed, whereas other scripts wouldn't tell them what they needed to use. This method of script is effective as it helps with the crew on set, as they will know what camera angles to use and when, as opposed to any of the other scripts.
Radio script- 'To Hull and back'
Radio opposes from tv and film as the story can not be told visually, instead only through audio. On the side of a radio script, it will have its own take on slug lines, telling the people behind the microphone what they should do at every given moment. For example, it may say the following: (LOW), which indicates the person should talk in a rather silent tone, as if to say the person should whisper. Another one could be (OFF), which means the actor should speak away from the microphone, the radio equivalent of "off-screen".
Video Gaming script
A gaming script will always follow a flow chart of events to determine what happens. With a gaming script, a players action in a game will always determine their outcome by the expression they give or what action they do next. For example, in a first person shooter, a script will determine a player falling to his death and the game coming to an end for a short period of time, as it is in the flow chart, its built into the game. If a person was to kill another, they would carry on doing what they were doing and the game would continue, as again this is built into the game through the flow chart. That was part 1 of a video game script. The 2nd part is the script itself. The script will be carefully created by writers and be perfected for the world they have created. For example, if a persons character had a different persona to another, the script would differ from person to person and from world to world. A good example of this could be the franchise Grand Theft Auto, as different characters have different personas and act differently, so the writers will create a script based around their lifestyle.
A master scene script must follow various conventions for the script to be even considered by the commissioning editor. The first of which is the font size which is used, this should be size 12. This is because it'll fit 1 minute worth of script perfectly onto the page, which is a requirement. Also the slug lines and dialogue must be capitalized. The master scene script is used and designed for the producers and investors, so they could easily the script without confusion. The slug line is composed of three parts, these being interior or exterior, the location of where the scene is and the time of the scene. You can tell the time of day when the slug line reveals either 'Day' or 'Night. Other occurrences may say 'Dusk' or 'Dawn' instead. The scene heading begins with EXT or INT which is abbreviation for exterior and interior. For example, interior could be set within a certain room anywhere, for example a bedroom, and exterior could be a set of land that is outside. With a master scene script, they must follow a narrative description, this is a description of what is happening on screen, which follows directly after the scene heading. For the sound effects, if they're key to the story, yet are not seen on screen, they must be displayed in all caps, as well as the character name when the character is introduced. The character name must go in its own line in all caps, and if the character is off screen and are speaking, you designate it with O.S or V.O.
Here, in the comedy 'Man up', a character by the name of 'Ryan', can be seen talking off-screen. This is shown by the abbreviation of O.S. 
With those two slug lines, you can tell the time of day by the ending of 'NIGHT'.
With a master scene script, the dialogue you see on one page should total one minute in time, so that commissioners and producers get a general idea of how long this production will be. So, for example, the script of the comedy film 'Man Up' is 108 pages long, meaning this film will generally last 108 minutes.
With the above screenshots, the font and font size will have been adjusted so that the dialogue fit onto a page so that it converts to 1minute of script, this is just one requirement that the commissioner looks for in a pitch.
This method of script is effective as it gives commissioners and producers a chance to know how long their product will last before entering production.
Shooting script
Shooting scripts are used during production of the film, this script shows off plenty of more detail, including scene numbers and even camera angles that will be used in the shot. It may also include the audio that may be used during this period of the script. The reason these scripts aren't submitted to commissioners and producers is because these scripts are difficult to read and are complicated when compared to the master scene script. This script is used when heading into production. The reason this script is used on set and in production as opposed to any other script is because it helps out the camera crew, as it helps them with the camera composition and the movement needed, whereas other scripts wouldn't tell them what they needed to use. This method of script is effective as it helps with the crew on set, as they will know what camera angles to use and when, as opposed to any of the other scripts.
Radio script- 'To Hull and back'
Radio opposes from tv and film as the story can not be told visually, instead only through audio. On the side of a radio script, it will have its own take on slug lines, telling the people behind the microphone what they should do at every given moment. For example, it may say the following: (LOW), which indicates the person should talk in a rather silent tone, as if to say the person should whisper. Another one could be (OFF), which means the actor should speak away from the microphone, the radio equivalent of "off-screen".
Video Gaming script
A gaming script will always follow a flow chart of events to determine what happens. With a gaming script, a players action in a game will always determine their outcome by the expression they give or what action they do next. For example, in a first person shooter, a script will determine a player falling to his death and the game coming to an end for a short period of time, as it is in the flow chart, its built into the game. If a person was to kill another, they would carry on doing what they were doing and the game would continue, as again this is built into the game through the flow chart. That was part 1 of a video game script. The 2nd part is the script itself. The script will be carefully created by writers and be perfected for the world they have created. For example, if a persons character had a different persona to another, the script would differ from person to person and from world to world. A good example of this could be the franchise Grand Theft Auto, as different characters have different personas and act differently, so the writers will create a script based around their lifestyle.
Thursday, 8 November 2018
annotations
To create my awareness video for identity fraud, I used the application premiere pro. This app was the most suitable to be able to crop and manipulate my video. First of all, I started my video with the character walking to his seat as it gives an audience an overview of the character who they're about to see.
Secondly, for when the character was doing the piece to camera, I used an extreme close up to show the emotion on the face of the character who was telling the story of his case of identity fraud.
With my non-diegetic sound, i edited in a sad song from beginning to end, to give the viewer a sense of empathy towards the victim whilst watching the identity fraud video.
The scene of the actor being scammed is set on an Apple Mac. I used my email account, and emailed myself a photo of a scam address for the victim to open.
Problems i faced
The biggest problem i faced when in production of my awareness video, was the sound problems that would occur alongside. This is because, even though the sound was fairly clear in person, it wasn't the case in the video, where the actor would sound a lot quieter. Therefore i had to increase the decibels in the video to make the audio sound right. Another problem i encountered was the lack of tripod, which made the recording situation a lot harder than it should have been. This is because the camera could've been shaking, therefore the visual may not be clear and have a lack of picture quality. The final problem was to do the film quality, as it went pretty bad once uploaded to Youtube, and i found it hard to amend.
Secondly, for when the character was doing the piece to camera, I used an extreme close up to show the emotion on the face of the character who was telling the story of his case of identity fraud.
With my non-diegetic sound, i edited in a sad song from beginning to end, to give the viewer a sense of empathy towards the victim whilst watching the identity fraud video.
The scene of the actor being scammed is set on an Apple Mac. I used my email account, and emailed myself a photo of a scam address for the victim to open.
Problems i faced
The biggest problem i faced when in production of my awareness video, was the sound problems that would occur alongside. This is because, even though the sound was fairly clear in person, it wasn't the case in the video, where the actor would sound a lot quieter. Therefore i had to increase the decibels in the video to make the audio sound right. Another problem i encountered was the lack of tripod, which made the recording situation a lot harder than it should have been. This is because the camera could've been shaking, therefore the visual may not be clear and have a lack of picture quality. The final problem was to do the film quality, as it went pretty bad once uploaded to Youtube, and i found it hard to amend.
Thursday, 4 October 2018
Scriptwriting assignment
Section 3- Legal and Ethical considerations:
To be a scriptwriter, there are many legal and ethical considerations that need to be considered. These ethics need to be considered and taken on board to ensure that the commissioning process goes as smoothly as possible. If these are not fully considered and carried out professionally then there could be some serious ramifications for the screenwriter, and those who are commissioning the film. One massive drawback of this could be a hefty fine, sometimes being within the millions and in some cases, the billions.
Copyright
The first of which is copyright infringement. The effects of breaching the copyright laws are massive, and can even go as far as paying a hefty damaging fee. The fee could set the contract breacher back a six figure fee if the damages are that bad. To prevent any charges and claims of copyright being pursued, the scriptwriter must follow a guideline which doesn't cross paths with another copyrighted idea, for example, if you were to create an action adventure film, you couldn't steal ideas or base ideas from James Bond, as those who take care of the legal side i.e. the solicitors, will press the charges in order to gain a fee. A film that had been done for copyright was the film 'The cabin in the woods' after the producers believed the film had stolen ideas from the film 'The little white trip:A night in the pines'. The producers wanted a fee of around £10million for the damages made, this case is still ongoing.
Plagiarism The next legal and ethical consideration is Plagiarism. Plagiarism is a similar consideration to that of copyright. The act of plagiarism is to copy from another persons ideas and take credit for it yourself. Breaching Plagiarism can have have many negative effects for the plagiarists, being forced to pay out millions if proven guilty. One film that had been accused of plagiarism was the hit 'Avatar'. The producers and all involved were taken to court over a suspected count of plagiarism against a novel by the Russian, Ruslan Zakriyev. He believed that the film had taken ideas from his novel that he had not approved of. Therefore, he demanded a third of the total revenue made from the film, totaling 1billion dollars. The film was an act of plagiarism, simply because the producers of the film took parts from the novel, and used it as their own and giving themselves the total amount of credit, against the authors wishes. To prevent any claims or charges of plagiarism, the producers will have to think of a way to alter the ideas that they are accused of stealing.
Libel
The third legal and ethical considerations of script writing is Libel. The act of libel during scriptwriting is to portray a person in a negative way and ruin their reputation in a way. This would be going against the wishes, ultimately, of the person who they're portraying, as the producers are demonstrating a person in a way that they are not. For example, libel could be seen if for some reason, they were to portray Donald Trump as a terrorist, or something similar. This is libel as it shows and portrays a person in a way that they're not. The consequences for libel can be very serious, the offender can't be put in jail for the offence, however they can be taken to court and ordered to pay a massive fine, which in most cases can be ordered by the person on the receiving end of the portrayal. A film which portrayed the act of being libel is the film 'The Interview'. Libel is shown in this film as the producers portray the North Korean supreme leader, Kim Jong Un, to be weak and easy to overpower. This is libel as the leader sees himself as the most feared man on the planet, not as a weak man.
Bias
The next legal and ethical consideration of a screenwriter is bias. Bias itself is an ethical consideration which involved with the representations of various groups, events and organisations. The idea of bias in screenwriting can be seen as trying to force a view or an opinion on the viewer, when they would rather have their own opinion.
Censorship
The next legal and ethical consideration of screenwriting is censorship. With censorship, this is the law that the screenwriters must fully understand what they are about to have commissioned. This includes the target audience, and what time they intend for it to be broadcasted. The things the writers have to take on board are:
Section 1- Jobs within screenwriting
Commissioning editor
The role of the commissioning editor is to essentially buy what the screenwriter is offering and agree to fund whatever they're offering. For example a commissioning editor will know what he wants when he sees it, and if the commissioning editor doesn't like it, it won't be commissioned. The role of this job is to set a budget. Each commissioning editor will specialize in one particular genre. This helps with the commissioning process on their part as they will know what they're looking for, and will know if what they're being presented would make the cut. The final role of a commissioning editor is to oversee the writing product. This means they can edit the script at any time if it means the commissioning will benefit from it.
Producers
The role of a producer is to oversee anything in the production that doesn't involve the director. The producers side is to work on the financial, the legal side and the administration side. The producers also have the role of hiring the actors and actresses to fit the role of the film. An example of a producer is George Lucas. Lucas is a very popular producer, best known for the Indiana Jones and the Star Wars franchises. He is also the founder of his own video game production company, Lucasarts.
Directors
The director of a filming industry is the highest possible position available in the industry. The first role of a director is to pull any ideas of a script and make it fit for purpose. The directors will provide the overall vision for the movie, this will then be worked with by the technicians and the editors. The directors also have full control of the script once its made its way through the commissioning period, they will tweak anything they feel is suitable. This takes all the control out of the scriptwriters hands. A famous director is Steven Spielberg, who has directed well known films such as:
The role of the script editor is to oversee and overlook what the screenwriting is doing, after the commissioning process has passed. The job of a script editor is to critically look over the script and change whatever wouldn't fit the show, even if its only a word or one phrase. The script editor will give their analysis on the script to help the screen writer and tell them what will and what won't work, however they won't create the answer for the screenwriter who will have to work on that themselves to get the best possible outcome. Script editors will always be responsible for developing the screenplay. A famous script editor is David Whitaker, who is famous for his work in Doctor Who. David supervised the TV series' first 51 episodes, between 1963 and 1964.
Agents
Professional Presentation
For professional presentation, the writer must ensure everything in the script is up to industry standards. The first of which is down to font size, which must be exact and also have the correct font. This is because the script needs to be a length which fits at 1 page per minute. If this isn't accurate, the commissioners will not bother looking at it, no matter how good it is. An appropriate font size and medium shows professionalism, this is what a commissioner will be looking for if they're to even give you a chance. If for example, a film was 120 minutes long and you were looking to have it commissioned, the script should be prepared with the character font size and medium, therefore this would be 120 pages long.
Agent Representation
Firstly, the agent is the person who looks after a writer or a person looking to be working in the industry, to ensure they get the right work load over time. Within this industry, having an agent is essential as most publishers won't even consider a person if they aren't represented by an agent. Having a big agent with lots of contacts will help the person with work, simply because the publishers and commissioners will know what they're getting as the agent is a reliable source.
Communication
Scriptwriters must have very good communication skills to be able to succeed at a higher scale. First of all this is because, when they're trying to reach out to their audience, they need to be able to speak clearly and give their speech in detail so the audience has a clear understanding of what they're trying to sell. Also, when working with others who are maybe in the same boat as they are, i.e looking for work and in an independent production company, communication is key so they can voice their ideas clearly so others can have a clear understanding.
Royalty Payments
Royalty payments are payments that writers will receive from anything that has been put on the market. For example, these include movies and novels. These payments are split between those who worked the hardest to have the ideas put onto the market, these being the writer, the producer and the agent. The payments will always vary and will change depending on how much money has been earned from what they made.
Collaborative Skills
When creating ideas and pitching to make sure they get the best possible outcome, writers will tend to work with other professionals in order to create a project. They can even be asked to work with directors and producers if they're being ordered to create a specific piece of work which is in the speciality field of either producer or director. Typically, you will find Independent production companies collaborating, in order to get ideas from each other.
Time Management
It is essential that writers hit their deadlines for their deadlines as poor time management will eventually lead to unfinished scripts. When they have been commissioned, it is also vital that they hit these deadlines as when they work in a team, they will rely on these scripts being in on time. Poor time management will lead to a poor relationship with both the team that the writer is working with, and the film producers who need them in on time.
To be a scriptwriter, there are many legal and ethical considerations that need to be considered. These ethics need to be considered and taken on board to ensure that the commissioning process goes as smoothly as possible. If these are not fully considered and carried out professionally then there could be some serious ramifications for the screenwriter, and those who are commissioning the film. One massive drawback of this could be a hefty fine, sometimes being within the millions and in some cases, the billions.
Copyright
The first of which is copyright infringement. The effects of breaching the copyright laws are massive, and can even go as far as paying a hefty damaging fee. The fee could set the contract breacher back a six figure fee if the damages are that bad. To prevent any charges and claims of copyright being pursued, the scriptwriter must follow a guideline which doesn't cross paths with another copyrighted idea, for example, if you were to create an action adventure film, you couldn't steal ideas or base ideas from James Bond, as those who take care of the legal side i.e. the solicitors, will press the charges in order to gain a fee. A film that had been done for copyright was the film 'The cabin in the woods' after the producers believed the film had stolen ideas from the film 'The little white trip:A night in the pines'. The producers wanted a fee of around £10million for the damages made, this case is still ongoing.
Plagiarism The next legal and ethical consideration is Plagiarism. Plagiarism is a similar consideration to that of copyright. The act of plagiarism is to copy from another persons ideas and take credit for it yourself. Breaching Plagiarism can have have many negative effects for the plagiarists, being forced to pay out millions if proven guilty. One film that had been accused of plagiarism was the hit 'Avatar'. The producers and all involved were taken to court over a suspected count of plagiarism against a novel by the Russian, Ruslan Zakriyev. He believed that the film had taken ideas from his novel that he had not approved of. Therefore, he demanded a third of the total revenue made from the film, totaling 1billion dollars. The film was an act of plagiarism, simply because the producers of the film took parts from the novel, and used it as their own and giving themselves the total amount of credit, against the authors wishes. To prevent any claims or charges of plagiarism, the producers will have to think of a way to alter the ideas that they are accused of stealing.
Libel
The third legal and ethical considerations of script writing is Libel. The act of libel during scriptwriting is to portray a person in a negative way and ruin their reputation in a way. This would be going against the wishes, ultimately, of the person who they're portraying, as the producers are demonstrating a person in a way that they are not. For example, libel could be seen if for some reason, they were to portray Donald Trump as a terrorist, or something similar. This is libel as it shows and portrays a person in a way that they're not. The consequences for libel can be very serious, the offender can't be put in jail for the offence, however they can be taken to court and ordered to pay a massive fine, which in most cases can be ordered by the person on the receiving end of the portrayal. A film which portrayed the act of being libel is the film 'The Interview'. Libel is shown in this film as the producers portray the North Korean supreme leader, Kim Jong Un, to be weak and easy to overpower. This is libel as the leader sees himself as the most feared man on the planet, not as a weak man.
Bias
The next legal and ethical consideration of a screenwriter is bias. Bias itself is an ethical consideration which involved with the representations of various groups, events and organisations. The idea of bias in screenwriting can be seen as trying to force a view or an opinion on the viewer, when they would rather have their own opinion.
Censorship
The next legal and ethical consideration of screenwriting is censorship. With censorship, this is the law that the screenwriters must fully understand what they are about to have commissioned. This includes the target audience, and what time they intend for it to be broadcasted. The things the writers have to take on board are:
- Use of violence
- Use of language (profanity etc)
- Sexual scenes
- Discrimination
- Use of drugs
U.K Watershed
The consideration of censorship goes hand in hand with another consideration, this being the UK watershed. The watershed is between 9pm-5am. The watershed means that certain tv shows and movies can't be shown, these include the bullet pointed list above, as it may not be suitable for the viewers before and after 9pm and 5am. This is because there may be children watching, and the bullet pointed list will not be suitable for children. However, box office broadcasts may be shown before the uk watershed, even though they may contain usage of violence, for example violence. TV shows and movies which have a rating of 12 may be shown before the watershed. 12 rated tv shows may include The Simpsons and Futurama. Although 12 rated tv shows and films may include some of the things prohibited by the U.K watershed, they're seen as child friendly, therefore may be shown. Dead pool 2, for example, a 15 rated film, can not be shown before or after the U.K watershed, as it is not child friendly.
Section 1- Jobs within screenwriting
Commissioning editor
The role of the commissioning editor is to essentially buy what the screenwriter is offering and agree to fund whatever they're offering. For example a commissioning editor will know what he wants when he sees it, and if the commissioning editor doesn't like it, it won't be commissioned. The role of this job is to set a budget. Each commissioning editor will specialize in one particular genre. This helps with the commissioning process on their part as they will know what they're looking for, and will know if what they're being presented would make the cut. The final role of a commissioning editor is to oversee the writing product. This means they can edit the script at any time if it means the commissioning will benefit from it.
Producers
The role of a producer is to oversee anything in the production that doesn't involve the director. The producers side is to work on the financial, the legal side and the administration side. The producers also have the role of hiring the actors and actresses to fit the role of the film. An example of a producer is George Lucas. Lucas is a very popular producer, best known for the Indiana Jones and the Star Wars franchises. He is also the founder of his own video game production company, Lucasarts.
Directors
The director of a filming industry is the highest possible position available in the industry. The first role of a director is to pull any ideas of a script and make it fit for purpose. The directors will provide the overall vision for the movie, this will then be worked with by the technicians and the editors. The directors also have full control of the script once its made its way through the commissioning period, they will tweak anything they feel is suitable. This takes all the control out of the scriptwriters hands. A famous director is Steven Spielberg, who has directed well known films such as:
- Jaws
- Jurassic Park
- ET
- Saving Private Ryan
- Raiders Of The Lost Ark
Script editors
The role of the script editor is to oversee and overlook what the screenwriting is doing, after the commissioning process has passed. The job of a script editor is to critically look over the script and change whatever wouldn't fit the show, even if its only a word or one phrase. The script editor will give their analysis on the script to help the screen writer and tell them what will and what won't work, however they won't create the answer for the screenwriter who will have to work on that themselves to get the best possible outcome. Script editors will always be responsible for developing the screenplay. A famous script editor is David Whitaker, who is famous for his work in Doctor Who. David supervised the TV series' first 51 episodes, between 1963 and 1964.
Agents
The agents of the film industry are those who work for the actors to try and get the best possible deal for both themselves, and their client. The agents organise contracts for the actors, to try and get the most money for themselves. The contract negotiation can help the actors stock rise to a higher profile character, if a company offers more for an up and coming talents, their name will become more of a household name, so agents help with them becoming a higher profile. The agents build up relationships with those who work in the industry, to nail down a berth in more movies for their clients, again to earn both of them new contracts. Agents will also support and guide the careers of screenwriters to help them get the best possible career. A famous agent is Bryan Lourd who is co-charman of Creative Arts Agency. Lourd has helped build the careers of both Brad Pitt and George Clooney
Writers
Those who are contracted to the screenwriting will be made responsible for all research, the research needed will include looking for similar products that are already out there, so that none of the legal and ethical issues come in. For example, when Avatar were taken to court and made to pay a third of the money they made at box office, this could be put down to poor research from the writers. The screenwriters also typically work in teams to ensure more ideas can be created, and a better script can be created. The writers tend to work freelance, while the big companies will tend to hire them for a project, if they can be seen as reliable. A famous screenwriter is Quentin Tarantino, who started with Reservoir Dogs. He can also be known as a film director, directing the likes of Kill Bill and Django, whilst also providing the screenwriting for the films.
Commissioning Bodies
Corporations
Many big corporations in the U.K give up and coming talent the chance to have their screenplay commissioned. This can happen by an individual writing a screenplay and a corporation like the BBC or ITV will commission it. On the BBC website, there are many scripts that have been written by people who inspire to be screenwriters, and who want to be heard of. However, for the huge American corporations, for example, Fox and Disney, they will not offer the same experience. These corporations will make sure their pitch ideas comes from established relationships in which they have had for years, to ensure that nothing goes wrong in the screenwriting department, and that they're getting the best ideas possible. Those huge corporations are part of conglomerates as they control every stage of production, from filming through financing. However, in the US, there are 3 particular months where commissioning networks will host a competition to get a persons screenplay noticed, these 3 months are March, April and May. Another example of a film corporation is Lionsgate.
Independent Production Companies
In the U.K alone, there are hundreds of independent production companies. These companies are being made because they may want to strike a deal along the line with bigger companies, like the BBC or ITV. These companies may produce their own ideas at first and then sell themselves to the higher production companies to make their ideas known. Most of the independent production companies will have an affiliation with other companies in order to complete their work and reach out to the higher productions.
Organisations
There are also a few organisations in the U.K that help to kickstart a writers career and bolster their chances of becoming a professional screenwriter. The first of which is BBC Writers Room. This organisation works with writers through every stage of their career to help them reach their maximum potential. This organisation also scouts up and coming talent in the profession, to try and get as many talented screenwriters as possible. The next organisation is 'Good In A Room'. This particular organisation offers useful tips on how to sell yourself to any commissioners. The description of the book titled Good in a room says it gives 'useful advice on how to move a good idea from your head into other heads in the room'. The final organisation is the BFI Film Academy. This organisation gives people between the age of 16-19 the chance to become a part of the film industry. This academy works and develops skills needed and required in the film industry to become successful. They offer various programmes, including working behind a camera and screenwriting.
Writers
Those who are contracted to the screenwriting will be made responsible for all research, the research needed will include looking for similar products that are already out there, so that none of the legal and ethical issues come in. For example, when Avatar were taken to court and made to pay a third of the money they made at box office, this could be put down to poor research from the writers. The screenwriters also typically work in teams to ensure more ideas can be created, and a better script can be created. The writers tend to work freelance, while the big companies will tend to hire them for a project, if they can be seen as reliable. A famous screenwriter is Quentin Tarantino, who started with Reservoir Dogs. He can also be known as a film director, directing the likes of Kill Bill and Django, whilst also providing the screenwriting for the films.
Commissioning Bodies
Corporations
Many big corporations in the U.K give up and coming talent the chance to have their screenplay commissioned. This can happen by an individual writing a screenplay and a corporation like the BBC or ITV will commission it. On the BBC website, there are many scripts that have been written by people who inspire to be screenwriters, and who want to be heard of. However, for the huge American corporations, for example, Fox and Disney, they will not offer the same experience. These corporations will make sure their pitch ideas comes from established relationships in which they have had for years, to ensure that nothing goes wrong in the screenwriting department, and that they're getting the best ideas possible. Those huge corporations are part of conglomerates as they control every stage of production, from filming through financing. However, in the US, there are 3 particular months where commissioning networks will host a competition to get a persons screenplay noticed, these 3 months are March, April and May. Another example of a film corporation is Lionsgate.
Independent Production Companies
In the U.K alone, there are hundreds of independent production companies. These companies are being made because they may want to strike a deal along the line with bigger companies, like the BBC or ITV. These companies may produce their own ideas at first and then sell themselves to the higher production companies to make their ideas known. Most of the independent production companies will have an affiliation with other companies in order to complete their work and reach out to the higher productions.
Organisations
There are also a few organisations in the U.K that help to kickstart a writers career and bolster their chances of becoming a professional screenwriter. The first of which is BBC Writers Room. This organisation works with writers through every stage of their career to help them reach their maximum potential. This organisation also scouts up and coming talent in the profession, to try and get as many talented screenwriters as possible. The next organisation is 'Good In A Room'. This particular organisation offers useful tips on how to sell yourself to any commissioners. The description of the book titled Good in a room says it gives 'useful advice on how to move a good idea from your head into other heads in the room'. The final organisation is the BFI Film Academy. This organisation gives people between the age of 16-19 the chance to become a part of the film industry. This academy works and develops skills needed and required in the film industry to become successful. They offer various programmes, including working behind a camera and screenwriting.
Competitions
All over the globe, there are many companies that provide competitions for people to kickstart their screenwriting career. If a candidate was to be successful and win the competition, it won't automatically guarantee a contract with any managers, producers or any agents. This may not be a guarantee, however, with 2 named academies who run the competition: Academy Nicholl Fellowships In Screenwriting and Austin Screenwriting Competition, they have an excellent track record of their winners who have sold scripts and even launched their career in the industry. The company who run the competition in the UK (FreeWay), every winner of the competition since 2013 have been part of pre production and production, with many of the winners claiming awards for their work.
All over the globe, there are many companies that provide competitions for people to kickstart their screenwriting career. If a candidate was to be successful and win the competition, it won't automatically guarantee a contract with any managers, producers or any agents. This may not be a guarantee, however, with 2 named academies who run the competition: Academy Nicholl Fellowships In Screenwriting and Austin Screenwriting Competition, they have an excellent track record of their winners who have sold scripts and even launched their career in the industry. The company who run the competition in the UK (FreeWay), every winner of the competition since 2013 have been part of pre production and production, with many of the winners claiming awards for their work.
Section 2- Working as a writer
Professional Presentation
For professional presentation, the writer must ensure everything in the script is up to industry standards. The first of which is down to font size, which must be exact and also have the correct font. This is because the script needs to be a length which fits at 1 page per minute. If this isn't accurate, the commissioners will not bother looking at it, no matter how good it is. An appropriate font size and medium shows professionalism, this is what a commissioner will be looking for if they're to even give you a chance. If for example, a film was 120 minutes long and you were looking to have it commissioned, the script should be prepared with the character font size and medium, therefore this would be 120 pages long.
Agent Representation
Firstly, the agent is the person who looks after a writer or a person looking to be working in the industry, to ensure they get the right work load over time. Within this industry, having an agent is essential as most publishers won't even consider a person if they aren't represented by an agent. Having a big agent with lots of contacts will help the person with work, simply because the publishers and commissioners will know what they're getting as the agent is a reliable source.
Communication
Scriptwriters must have very good communication skills to be able to succeed at a higher scale. First of all this is because, when they're trying to reach out to their audience, they need to be able to speak clearly and give their speech in detail so the audience has a clear understanding of what they're trying to sell. Also, when working with others who are maybe in the same boat as they are, i.e looking for work and in an independent production company, communication is key so they can voice their ideas clearly so others can have a clear understanding.
Royalty Payments
Royalty payments are payments that writers will receive from anything that has been put on the market. For example, these include movies and novels. These payments are split between those who worked the hardest to have the ideas put onto the market, these being the writer, the producer and the agent. The payments will always vary and will change depending on how much money has been earned from what they made.
Collaborative Skills
When creating ideas and pitching to make sure they get the best possible outcome, writers will tend to work with other professionals in order to create a project. They can even be asked to work with directors and producers if they're being ordered to create a specific piece of work which is in the speciality field of either producer or director. Typically, you will find Independent production companies collaborating, in order to get ideas from each other.
Time Management
It is essential that writers hit their deadlines for their deadlines as poor time management will eventually lead to unfinished scripts. When they have been commissioned, it is also vital that they hit these deadlines as when they work in a team, they will rely on these scripts being in on time. Poor time management will lead to a poor relationship with both the team that the writer is working with, and the film producers who need them in on time.
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